The Organizational Process of Decision-Making - 1688 Words

1. INTRODUCTION High reliability organizations (HRO) are organizations that succeeded in reducing the number of accidents and that often work in a complex environment full of risk factors. Typical examples of HRO are naval or aircraft carriers, nuclear-power generation plants, space shuttles and air traffic control system, occupations where fails and accidents are predictable because of their complexity and risks. A recurring theme in HRO literature is decision-making, as the consistent high quality of this organizational process in uncertain situations differentiates HRO from other organizations: In other words, constantly making good decision results in high quality and reliable operations. Herbert Simon, who was one of the first authors to shift the attention from organizations as rational machines to organizations as arenas in which complex organizational processes occur, introduced the concept of bounded rationality (Simon, 1955). This is the idea that rationality, and consequentially decision-making, is limited by the information the individual or the organization have, along with the cognitive limitation of their mind and the finite amount of time they have to make the decision. Because of this lack of resources, individuals and organizations apply their rationality after having simplified the choices available, reaching the most satisfying solution, instead of the optimal one. The complexity of organizational decisions is implied in the fact that they involve manyShow MoreRelatedDecision Making Of A Bse Veterinary Service846 Words   |  4 PagesDecision Making Companies all over the world are faced with decision daily. Some decisions are small in nature with minimal effects on the company or its employees. While other decisions have a tremendous effect on the entire company. This paper will provide a detailed description of the top three ways to make decisions, such as the rational model, the organizational process model, and the collaborative model. Also, provide some techniques for making decisions. Furthermore, one of these models willRead MoreCultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper1583 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Ethics Paper Every day people make decisions that may have profound effect on their personal and/or professional lives as well as the lives of others. The decision people make have a foundation on their personal, cultural, and perhaps organizational values. When these values are in disagreement, an ethical dilemma occurs. This article attempts to explain how personal, cultural, and organizational values play significant parts in decision-making. In addition, the foundation of ethical dilemmasRead MoreOrganizational Change Plan Procedure1406 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Organizational Change Plan Table of Contents Abstract: 3 Introduction: 4 Description of the current situation: 4 Key factors surrounding the current situation: 4 Reasons for change: 5 Sense of urgency for change: 5 Description of the desired change: 5 Pursue for change: 6 Particulars necessary for change: 6 Particular change desires: 6 Leadership skills necessary for change: 6 Detailed plan for transition: 7 Steps in a change process: 8 Theoretical model of leadership:Read MoreEssay on Cultural Values And Personal Ethics in Business1497 Words   |  6 PagesEvery day people make decisions that may have profound effect on their personal and/or professional lives as well as the lives of others. The decision people make have a foundation on their personal, cultural, and perhaps organizational values. When these values are in disagreement, an ethical dilemma occurs. This article attempts to explain how personal, cultural, and organizational values play significant parts in decision-making. In addition, the foundation of ethical dilemmas can often beRead MoreSystems Thinking1469 Words   |  6 PagesSystems Thinking and Organizational Performance Systems Thinking provides a necessary conceptual base and a powerful tool-set for working the most complex issues that confront us as individuals, in teams, or in organization (Systems Thinking Collaborative, 2001, p. 1). Additional, this theory provides ways to view the world as a whole and enables a new level of understanding of why things are as they are. Performance management includes activities to ensure that goals are consistently beingRead MoreNursing Leadership931 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Organizational structures play a vital role in the creation of the favorable environment for client centered care. It determines how information systems adopted are used. The organizational structure highlights the nature of communication within a companys decision-making techniques and habits of the health agency. Functional and service line structures are extremely prominent in health settings as they determine how activities are run within this industry. In functional organizational structureRead MoreThe Organizational Model Decision Making1522 Words   |  7 Pages The Organizational Model decision-making process is another that this writer found most useful in this course. Its general characteristics make use of programmed decisions that are usually used well-structured patterns of search but use simple rules of thumb as well as analytical frameworks which are determined by the complexity of the decision to be made. Organizations often make decisions that are optimal to their local sphere, but may not be optimal in the larger totality and is constrainedRead MoreKnowledge Management and Organizational Knowledge882 Words   |  4 Pagesimportance to businesses. Knowledge Management process continues to enable managers and employees with valuable understanding of their business environment and knowledge to make strategic business decisions. This essay will explain data, information and knowledge as well as the socio-technical system, knowledge management, organizational knowledge and organizational learning. We will also discuss the relationship between organizational knowledge and organizational learning as well as the affect that knowledgeRead MoreHow Communication Impact Leadership And The Decision Making Process Of Management1130 Words   |  5 Pages1. Leadership and decision-making, involves knowing how to communicate with the all elements of an organization. This includes employees, managers, and customers. Communication is transmitting information and establishing common meanings (Denhardt, Denhardt, Aristigueta 2013). Each element of management may require a different style of communication. Leaders must be able to adapt communication techniques based on the groups they are communicating with and decisions that affect them (Hatch CunliffeRead MoreGeneral Motors Rational Model1500 Words   |  6 Pagesgone t hrough many types of organizational decision-making and learning since its initial conception in 1908. The large American auto-maker has used the various types of decision-making models before choosing one that works the best for them. The organization has improved its decision-making over its long history. GM has done a fair job of ridding harmful cognitive biases that can drive up the cost of operating a multi-divisional car company. They instituted new organizational learning across the whole

The Importance Of Sustainable Water Practices For The...

Sustainability is the â€Å"development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs† (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987). Water is a principal compound for human life across the globe. Although there is of 1.4Ãâ€"109 km3 of Water on Earth, only 0.37% of that is drinkable (Murphy, 2004). The inability to access this clean water then causes water borne diseases, particularly in poorer nations, such as Cambodia where only 14% of the population has access to drinkable water (Brinkley, 2011). This is then the reasoning behind the 3.4million deaths annually by water borne diseases within the developing world (World Health organisation, 2001). As 70L of water/day†¦show more content†¦Some assumptions made within this report are that clean water is safely stored and does not impact on the water purification systems ability. Also, the correct use off the device is assumed. 2 BIO SAND FILTERS 2.1 Design There are seven components to a biosand filter design. These are; the lid, diffuser, sand layer, outlet tube, filter body, gravel layer and the separated gravel layer (Cawst, 2009). All of these components all contribute to the purification of water. The purpose of the lid is to protect the water from any external contamination. The diffuser is a plastic sheet with holes drilled into it and protects the biolayer while the water is being poured in (CDC, 2014). This is achieved through slowing down the rate of the water. The third component is the sand layer and this removes any suspended solids within the water. This is able to occur through the use of mechanical trapping and the solids being trapped in between the grains of sand (Cawst, 2009). The separating gravel layer is purely placed in the filter to support the sand layer on top while the drainage gravel layer’s purpose is to support the flow of water into the outlet tube. The use of bigger rocks is used for this draina ge layer to prevent smaller rocks accessing this outlet tube (Cawst, 2009). The outlet tube brings the water from the bottom of theShow MoreRelatedThe Global Supplier Network : Adidas Trained More Than 2000 Persons1379 Words   |  6 Pagesmaintain a strong sustainable workplace standard keeping corporate social responsibility in mind. Sustainability efforts for a safer Planet Keeping the planet in mind, they developed a global single safer planet/environmental strategy for entire operations across the world. The goal of the group is to reduce their environmental footprint by 15% by year 2015. (Adidas15, 2015) Fig 4 – Impacts along the Value Chain Corporate social responsibility is a matter of greater interest in today’s world as the productionRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Supply Chain to Value Chain8966 Words   |  36 PagesA spotlight on CSR Malika Bhandarkar and Tarcisio Alvarez-Rivero* 1. Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR)1 has become a hot topic in boardrooms across the world. Changes in corporate value systems are being driven by pressures from different actors, including governments, consumers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and institutional investors (diagram 1). Multinational corporations (MNCs) have operations spread across the globe, relying on both foreign affiliates and arm’s-lengthRead MoreTragedy of Deforestation Essays2447 Words   |  10 Pagesprovides those medicines, food, building materials, firewood, water, and all the spiritual elements that assist them. The decline of the forest means a loss of their elements which in turn comes malnutrition, increase in illnesses, dependency, adapting to another cult or custom, and in many cases live else where or the community eventually disappears. Secondly, deforestation impacts on a regional level. Forests guarantee the preserving of water, soils, plants, and wildlife. Their destruction causesRead MoreCoca Cola Sabco12641 Words   |  51 PagesFor enquiries, please contact Coca-Cola Sabco (Pty) Ltd on: Tel: +27 41 395 4071 . Fax: +27 41 374 4266. Email: info@ccsabco.co.za For a specific country request, please contact the country representative. Cambodia +855 232428 99 1 1 6 Cambodia +855 1 834 Ethiopia +25 1 1756 114 681 Ethiopia +251 1 1 2 763 Kenya +254 206 998 Kenya +254 20 699 8000000 Mozambique +258 2 1 400 189 Mozambique +258 21 400 189 Namibia +264 613 207 Namibia +264 61 320 7000000 Nepal +997 143 506 Nepal +997 1435 0602 02 SouthRead MoreSustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from HM6439 Words   |  26 PagesSustainability 2014, 6, 6236-6249; doi:10.3390/su6096236 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Article Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from HM Bin Shen Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China; E-Mail: binshen@dhu.edu.cn; Tel./Fax: +86-216-237-3621 Received: 15 July 2014; in revised form: 15 August 2014 / Accepted: 19 August 2014 / Published: 11 September 2014 Abstract: SustainabilityRead MoreMultinational Companies and Their Social Responsibilities (Α Case Study of Shell, Nigeria)15078 Words   |  61 PagesCHAPTER TWO 2.0 AN OVERVIEW OF SHELL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY IN NIGERIA 2.1 Introduction This chapter will provide basic knowledge of Shell Nigeria Oil Company and its operation in Nigeria, in particular regarding its ethics, performance, social involvement, contribution to national income and its contribution to keeping the environment green. Since the Rio Conference of 1992 the code of conduct for all extractive industries including crude oil mining companies has underlined the following principlesRead MoreIkea at a Glance26682 Words   |  107 PagesENvIRONmENT ENvIRONmENTAL fOCUS AREAS PROdUCTS 49 51 54 59 62 63 66 68 70 71 SUPPLIERS COdE Of CONdUCT IwAy CHILd LAbOUR HOmE fURNISHING SUPPLIERS fOOd SUPPLIERS CATALOGUE SUPPLIERS TRANSPORT SERvICE PROvIdERS 13 15 16 17 23 25 27 fORESTRy COTTON wATER CLImATE TRANSPORT Of PROdUCTS IKEA bUILdINGS ENERGy USE AT SUPPLIERS TRANSPORT Of PEOPLE CO-wORKERS wHEN THEy GROw, IKEA GROwS 31 mETRICS KPIS CROSS REfERENCE TAbLE 72 74 CUSTOmERS PROdUCT SAfETy fOOd SAfETy CUSTOmER ENGAGEmENT 36 38 40 Read MoreLand Degradation6249 Words   |  25 Pagesloss in productivity is estimated at 36 million tons of cereal equivalent valued at US$5,400 million by water erosion, and US$1,800 million due to wind erosion. 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The Movie Ball of Fire Free Essays

The movie â€Å"Ball of Fire† is a comedy film that is released in the year 1941, which tells the story about a group of professors that have been working themselves for several years to finish an encyclopedia and depicts the story of the group’s encounter with a nightclub performer who provides her own profound source of unique knowledge (Ball of Fire-1941). As such, the film is also known as the â€Å"The Professor and the Burlesque Queen,† which presents early movie stars namely Gary Cooper and Barbara Stanwyck for the lead role in the movie (Ball of Fire-1941). For the supporting roles, movie artists like Oskar Homolka, Richard Haydn, Henry Travers, Dan Duryea, Elisha Cook Jr. We will write a custom essay sample on The Movie Ball of Fire or any similar topic only for you Order Now and Dana Andrews have done an amazing participation in the overall positive outcome of the story (Ball of Fire-1941). Moreover, the movie tells the story of a group of eight mild-mannered professors who are working hard in compiling an encyclopedia. Their work is seen to be monotonous and boring but things are falling into place. It is until the language expert â€Å"Professor Bertram Potts† realizes that his section on slang is seen to be outdated. In this regard, he decided to venture into the outside world to do his research. In the process he met a nightclub singer â€Å"Sugarpuss O’Shea† who has problems with her mobster boyfriend and needs a place to hide in. The professors allow Sugarpuss to live with them and have been effective in teaching the professors more than the slang language by livening up their academic lives with nylons and conga lines. Professor Potts becomes obsessed with Sugarpuss but when the boyfriend of Sugarpass wants her back, things have started to become complicated. At the end of the movie, Professor Potts has outwitted the boyfriend of Sugarpass and pursue his love for Sugarpuss by proposing marriage to her. In light of the story of the movie, it can be said that being smart does not only mean being good at the teachings of the book. Hence, the characteristic of being smart and intelligent can never be learned in a secluded area, more specifically in the four corners of the class. As such, the story of the movie has depicted these notions on the realizations of Professor Potts, that his knowledge in slang word is seen to be outdated and requires a need to venture in the real or outside world to be able to acquire new information. Likewise, it is seen that the purpose of receiving a formal education is to guide the person and empower an individual towards the achievement of his or her aspirations in the future. In thoughts, it is seen the formal education is essential to teach and render an individual with all the appropriate and needed knowledge that a person needs to acquire. Hence, there is a need to balance the formal and informal knowledge that can never be acquired and taught in the classroom, which the personal life experiences can only edify. Likewise, the movie â€Å"Ball of Fire† has depicted that the learning that occurs in the school of hard knocks is as essential as that which is taught in the formal education that leads to a balance between the real-life education and the importance of knowledge that the book provides. In the end, it can be said that the movie is set to provide a better understanding about the importance of knowledge that can be acquired in both real-life learning and formal education. As such, it can be seen that knowledge which can only be acquired in real life experiences is as essential as the education that can be learned from school. Hence, both these types of knowledge are essential factors towards the achievement of the person’s future career and personal goals in life. Works Cited Ball of Fire – 1941. IGN Entertainment, Inc. 27 October 2008 http://www. rottentomatoes. com/m/ball_of_fire/# How to cite The Movie Ball of Fire, Papers

Sacrifices in The Crucible free essay sample

Social order is a fragile concept; the most extraneous of details can cause it to spiral into chaos. In The Crucible, the inhabitants of Salem, Massachusetts experience the unforgiving disruptance of social order. Many attempted to end the witch trials promptly to the start of them, but their sacrifices rendered futile. John Proctor, a farmer, was the only citizen of Salem whose sacrifice made a significant, positive, impact on the restoration of social order. In Act l, John Proctor and Abigail Williams had a conversation that state both engaged in sexual relations, making Abigail a harlot and Proctor an adulterer. Abigail, throughout the encounter, talks of Elizabeth Proctor as if she is the only one keeping John Proctor and herself from being together. As the intensity of the witch trails reach its climax, Elizabeth Proctor is accused of being a witch. When Cheever arrives to take Elizabeth to Jail, Proctor inquires about the accuser, who happens to be Abigail Williams. We will write a custom essay sample on Sacrifices in The Crucible or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page John then tells Mary Warren, Abigails abettor, to testify against her. When this fails in court, Proctor sacrifices everything he owns, his name, his familys reputation, and his life, by saying, It is a whore! (Act Ill, scene i). John Proctor dmitted lechery in a prevailing attempt to call out Abigail on her pretense in seeing spirits and witches. Soon after this, John is arrested and Abigail is allowed freedom. Also, Reverend Hale denounces the proceedings of the court. The sacrifice made by Proctor made the puritan society of Salem, Massachusetts question the claims made by Abigail and her friends. When John Proctor accuses Abigail of harlotry, she is forced to run away to save herself from shame. The witch trials also end soon afterwards and social order starts its restoration process. The people of Salem once again start to trust each other and put away grudges of the past.