Vygotsky And Vygotsky s Theory Of Development - 791 Words

Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are prominent influential figures in the field of developmental psychology. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast their theories of development, as well as identified what can be gained through a better understanding of the theories. A Brief Summary of the Theories of Piaget and Vygotsky Piaget’s theory of development is based on four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stage. Piaget believed development was autonomous and individuals went through all stages, albeit some at different rates (Blake and Pope, 2008). Piaget believed children developed knowledge from within (Lourenco, 2012). Lev Vygotsky s work is centered around the basis that development is shaped through an individual s social interactions and cultural influence (Lourenco, 2012). In Vygotsky s concept of the zone of proximal development, he studied what an individual can do without help and what an individual can do with scaffolding from an adult (Blake and Pope, 2008). Similarities in the Theories of Piaget and Vygotsky While Piaget and Vygotsky are thought to be quiet different in their theories of development, similarities can be found. Both men believed in a developmental perspective and t hat development involves interaction within one s own environment. In Piaget s assimilation/accommodation and Vygotsky s internalization/externalization, a learner uses these processes to make sense of new information.Show MoreRelatedVygotsky And Vygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development Of Thought And Language Essay1060 Words   |  5 PagesAilà ­n Florencia Thought and Language: independent processes. With the passing of time, the development of thought and language has been the object of study for psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. The former drastically influenced the study of thought and speech with his theory of cognitive development and his clinical method. The latter also made his contribution with his sociocultural theory. Although language and thought may be analysed as associate one to the other, both of themRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development917 Words   |  4 Pagesand Margetts (2012) demonstrate that cognitive development is much more than the addition of new facts and ideas to an existing store of information - maturation, activity and social transmission influence cognitive development. One very respected researcher of cognitive development and, in particular, sociocultural effects on such development, was Lev Vygotsky, whose original Russian journal articles are now available in English. Vygotsky’s theory revolves around peer-mediated learning, and hasRead MoreVygotsky s Theory On Cognitive Development Essay733 Words   |  3 Pages â…“ of a page on vygotsky Lev Semionovich Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist and constructivist learning theorist who was known for arguing against the theories of psychologist Jean Piaget. Piaget believed that in order for any learning to occur there had to development within the individual first, but Vygotsky argued the contrary. He argued that in order for development to occur, the individual would first have to have learning take place through instruction and example in a given appropriate environmentRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Identity Development Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesSocial development is one of the most significant aspects of a childs life, for they can not live with out social interaction, the moment they are born they are being interacted with, typically social development happens to everyone throughout their life, with the rare cases of adults becoming hermits, there is no escape from developing socially to fit in with those around you, or to stand out. works along side emotional development as how we develop socially affects our emotions and the emotionsRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Human Development1386 Words   |  6 PagesLev Vygotsky was an educator and a theorist known primarily for his sociocultural theory. Vygotsky developed the sociocultural theory, which is the theory of human development through social and cultural influences (Aimin, 2013), during the 1920’s-30’s. One of Vygotsky’s focuses was the concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD), which is the idea of a child being appropriately challenged, this will be discussed further on. His theory stemmed from how children’s learning is impacted greatlyRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development1149 Words   |  5 Pages Piaget and Vygotsky are two well-known individuals in the history of psychology. The two psychologists held different beliefs regarding Cognitive Development in children. According to the text, â€Å"Piagetâ₠¬â„¢s theory of cognitive development proposes that a child’s intellect, or cognitive ability, progress through four distinct stages† (Pg. 25). The stages are Sensorimotor Stage, Preoperational Stage, Concrete Operational Stage, and Formal Operational Stage. Piaget found that each stage occurs as a childRead MoreChild Development And Vygotsky s Theory Essay2098 Words   |  9 Pagesthe ability to solve problems. It is manifested through the capability to find solutions to complex issues. By comparing two theories of child development, namely, the Piaget s approach to cognitive development and Vygotsky s social constructivist perspective, it will become clear that the nature of epistemological beliefs held by teachers might influence the development of children. This in turn suggests that problem-solving abilities in children can be influenced and improved by contextual factorsRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development1365 Words   |  6 PagesVygotsky’ s Theory of Cognitive Development the Biopsychosocial Framework In researching various development theories, one of those that stand out is cognitive development theory. Cognitive development theory studies â€Å"how people think and how thinking changes over time† (Kail Cavanaugh, 14). One of the leading theorists in this area was Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky. He was one of the first theorists to consider the sociocultural influences on a child’s development. His research allowedRead MoreComparing Piaget And Vygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development813 Words   |  4 Pagesand Lev Vygotsky are considered to be very prominent figures in the area of cognitive development. Both of these men considered themselves a constructivist, which entails a viewpoint that is concerned with the nature of knowledge. In their lifetime, both of them made contributions in the area of education and even after death, their theories still influence teaching methods. The purpose of this paper is to show some similarities as well as differences in the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky and whatRead MoreVygotsky s Sociocultural Theory Of Development2288 Words   |  10 Pageswill discuss the overlying theory of Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory of Development as well as Piaget’s Stages of Development. Through outlining each theory and describing the research, a better understanding will be gained in how each can be applied within a primary classroom. Within the sociocultural theory of development lies terms which will be discussed and critiqued in regards to education. The main terms which will be reviewed are the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), a more knowledgeable

Language Acquisition And Learning Of Linguistics - 985 Words

On the contrary, teachers may leave University with extensive theoretical knowledge about linguistics but it can be sometimes seem far removed from the real concrete situations they face in the field; and just one practical case they have to deal with may give them more insight into a problem and its solutions than any amount of theoretical understanding. In this sense, it is noteworthy that much of linguistics today is corpus-based. Which means that the theories actually come from studying real world texts and are therefore founded in practical experience. A language teacher can build on linguistics research trough their own experience to improve their teaching ability. Within this context, a teacher gaining knowledge from practice will have real samples on how language is used by their students regarding language acquisition and learning; so they will be able to base their investigations on them. The more practice teachers have the wider learners corpora will be there for the dev elopment of this technique, allowing them to detect and recognise the most frequent uses and structures with a view to introduce them in the curriculum. (Gries, S, 2009) Regarding content and methodology of subjects, which are a very important part and require reflection and prior design, there are significant advantages University learning can bring. With prior academic learning teachers will doubtlessly have a much clearer idea of sequencing and segmenting the content- by using differentShow MoreRelatedInnateness of Children’s Language Acquisition1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe subtlety of language acquisition has been the most fundamental question in the study of linguistics and human development. From Bow-wow Theory to Yo-He-Ho Theory, major theories on the origins and learnability of language have emerged in mid-20th century and heavily debated ever since. Among them, the idea of universal grammar in which is usually credited to linguist Noam Chomsky, remains the most notable and controversial theory over time. He introduced and developed the theory from 1950s toRead MoreThe subtlety of language acquisition has been the most fundamental qu estion in the study of1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe subtlety of language acquisition has been the most fundamental question in the study of linguistics and human development. From Bow-wow Theory to Yo-He-Ho Theory, the major theories on language origins and learnability emerged at mid-20th century and has been heavily debated ever since. Among them, the idea of universal grammar in which is usually credited to linguist Noam Chomsky, remains the most notable and controversial theory over time. He introduced and developed the t heory from 1950sRead MoreEnglish Language Learners ( Ells )1269 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish language learners (ELLs) are people who have to acquire a second additional language and culture. In another words, ELLs are people who do not speak English as their first language. According to the National Center for Educational Statistics (2014), the percentage of public school students in the United States who were English language learners was higher in school ye ar 2012–13 (9.2 percent, or an estimated 4.4 million students) than in 2002–03 (8.7 percent, or an estimated 4.1 million students)Read MoreMajor Theories Of First Language Acquisition1390 Words   |  6 PagesThere are three major theories of first language acquisition, which are nativist approach, behavior approach, and functional approach. There are still some scholars who challenge these theories. As to nativism, Chomsky (1965) held the view that we are born with a genetic capacity to perceive and acquire the language, and that the capacity is contained in the language acquisition device. He proposes that the language organ helps children acquire languages. In another word, the theory proposes thatRead MoreDifference Between Linguistic And Linguistic Studies1097 Words   |  5 PagesIn the following essay, I am going to present a comparison between two linguistic studies. Constructing another Language-Usage Based Linguistics in Second Language Acquisition by Eskil dsen and Sources of Linguistic Knowledge in the second language acquisition of English articles by Ionin, Zubizarreta, and Maldonado are going to be contrasted regarding their theoretical frameworks, research questions and research designs together with the conclusions reached. Reading the two studies, certain conclusionsRead MoreThe First Article Is Chaos / Complexity Science And Second Language Acquisition1109 Words   |  5 Pagestitle of the first article is Chaos/ complexity Science and Second Language Acquisition. The author indicates immediately the significant similarities between second language acquisition (SLA) and the new science of Chaos/complexity happening in nature, and she expresses her hope that learning about nonlinear systems will discourage reductionist form oversimplifying and explaining matters of interest to second language acquisition researchers. Feathers of Complex Nonlinear system: Chaos/complexityRead MoreStudy Into Dyslexia And Bilingual Acquisition During The Critical Period1528 Words   |  7 PagesI recently attended a talk given by Dr. Ioulia Kovelman of the UM Psychology department; she was presenting her research into dyslexia and bilingual acquisition during the critical period. At the end, a colleague of hers asked this question: â€Å"Why do you think that so little research has been done on bilinguals and multilinguals?† She smiled and shrugged her shoulders, saying, â€Å"Research relies on funding. Funding comes from governments, and the governments with the most money are empires. AmericaRead MoreCharacteristics Of A First And Second Language : Behaviorism, Innatism And Social Interactionist Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesof approaches have been proposed to explain the phenomenon of language acquisition. These models were influenced by variety of disciplines and research directions, such as cognitive psychology, linguistics, etc.; therefore, the models relate to linguistic development in various ways. One of the most striking differences between the approaches is the perception of the place of heredity and environment in the process of acquiring language, but as we shall see each approach gives them a different weightRead MoreError Correction Is Generally Associated With Grammar Teaching Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesimportance in being helpful to language acquisition has been suggested in many studies yet it has always been a subject of controversy. Error correction is equally important in a second language learning class as is in the first language learning class. Different scholars have touched many facets of error correction techniques. This field of practice and learning of L2 has always been into limelight owing to its relevance for acquisition of grammar skills in English language. This paper is going to throwRead MoreMy Fascination With Second Language Acquisition Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesLanguage carries the beauty and persona of our thought process and the study of Linguistics helps us develop insights, appreciate and analyze many aspects of this powerful medium of expression. My fascination with Second Language Acquisition (SLA) began with the course ‘Language Acquisition and Learning’ that I took while I was in the 4th year of my undergraduate program at the University of Dhaka. In that course, for the first time, I was introduced to various theories and hypotheses about how people

Methodology in Second Language Learning

Question: Discuss about the Methodology in Second Language Learning. Answer: Introduction: The aim of the following discourse is to make a critical reflection on a particular lesson taught by a teacher. More precisely, the present assignment is going to evaluate activities of a particular lesson and thereafter to describe and assess one particular episode from the entire lesson. The objective regarding accomplishing these above-mentioned activities is to relate the lesson activities with certain theoretical concepts of second language learning. The ultimate purpose of evaluating key phases of the lesson is to understand and denote the relevance and influence of the lesson activities on teaching. For accomplishing this motive, the present paper has chosen the video clip of Illustration of Personalised Learning that has been published by the ACARA (Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority). The considered video clip is about a particular second language-teaching pattern pursued by a teacher who has classroom of 27 students among whom 18 students are learning the English language as an additional language (EAL/D). It has been understood from the video and as per the brief elaboration given by the teacher herself that the lesson shown in the video is part of a particular unit of work among the students where they are to create stories (australiancurriculum.edu.au, 2017). Moreover, from the video it has been understood that the teacher has integrated the lesson content from the strands of literacy, language as well as literature. However, prior to describe the sequences of the chosen lesson, it is required to mention that the distinct video has been chose as per the reason that personalised learning as designed by ACARA is relevant in addressing individual needs of language learning (Gibbons, 2006). It should be considered here that personalised learning of ACARA prioritiz es the general capabilities of the teachers to design rigorous as well as applicable learning lesson and integrate it with the age-equivalent learning contents (Aimin, 2013). Most significantly, the considered video has been chosen because the teaching pattern pursued by the teacher is found to be persuasive and applicable. After watching the selected video clip, it has been understood that the chief aim of the teacher is to support the students of EAL/D in acquiring oral as well as written proficiency in English language (australiancurriculum.edu.au, 2017). The video shows that through the particular lesson, which is creating stories, the teacher is teaching the EAL/D students to acquire the ability of structuring texts, giving punctuation, making right pronunciation and making use of correct grammar and vocabulary. The activities related to the particular lesson starts with a brief introduction given by the teacher about her profession and about the distinct lesson that she is going to display. Her brief is quickly followed by the course of engaging the students in the story-creating activity, which is further pursued by an EAL/D students act of successfully creating a short story (australiancurriculum.edu.au, 2017). Later, the video shows how the teacher is monitoring the students and teaching them t o make correct use of grammar and encouraging them to write their stories. The video further includes an activity in which the teacher provides sheets to individual students and asks them to write the story each of them has created. The sequence of activities gradually ends up by the teachers elaboration about her teaching style and the significant components along with supportive teaching strategies those she integrated throughout the lesson for accomplishing her goal (australiancurriculum.edu.au, 2017). In this context, it is significant to denote that among several activities, which have been shown in the video, the most significant one is identified to be the particular procedure applied by the teacher to encourage the students to create new stories. The distinct episode included an interesting way of encouraging and engaging students of EAL/D in the creating stories lesson. More precisely, in the particular activity the teacher arranges several instructions for creating stories within several hoops and instructs the students to accomplish the instructions by stepping into each of the hoops. The particular activity is found to be most exciting and persuasive as per the reason that the teacher applied her general capabilities in an interesting way through which the aim of attracting students and thereafter engaging them to tell stories has been understandably achieved. Most significantly, in the activity, the teacher inaugurates the activity by selecting a student who according to the teacher herself has had very poor idea and skills about English language (australiancurriculum.edu.au, 2017). Within the activity, the teacher is found to be supportive and encouraging towards the students. It should be considered here that one of the chief ability of second language teachers is to give focus on interactive comprehensions and less focus on the conscious grammatical guidelines. Henceforth, considering the particular activity of the video, it can be said that the teacher has successfully engaged herself in promoting maximum learning. Most importantly, the chosen section of video is significant for contemplating as per the reason that the teacher has fruitfully abided the necessary rule of providing communicative as well as comprehensible inputs to the learners. In this context, it is essential to denote that the predominant concept of the second language acquisition way, says that it is essential to maintain the key driving factor that is language input, which every student needs to receive (Eckman et al., 2013). It is also considered that second language acquisition is a particular process that includes scientific disciplines of teaching (Benthin, 2015). Considering the selected video and the particular activity, it is understandable that the teacher has followed the basic concepts of the socio-cultural theory as well as the theoretical approach of Stephen Krashen regarding second language acquisition. According to the socio-cultural theory of second language acquisition, development of human cognitive as well as standard mental function is achievable by integrating the socio-cultural as well as the biological aspects (Mills, 2014). The socio-cultural theory focuses on the fact that in the process of human cognitive development, there is a dominant role of the socio-cultural circumstances (Lantolf et al., 2015). In other words, the primary idea of socio-cultural theory denotes that the human minds function by participating in the cultural mediation, which is integrated into various social activities (Ellis, 2015). After watching and understanding the teaching style and components used by the teaching individual, it can be said that the teacher has successfully applied the theoretical percept of socio-cultural theory. It is because; the video indicates that the teacher gathers all the EAL/D students and engaging them into creating and telling stories and sharing them with each other. Therefore, understandably the teacher has prioritized the socio-cultural theoretical concept and used the key percept in teaching the students about second language acquisition. On the other hand, Stephen Krashens concept of second l anguage acquisition says that the way of language acquisition does not need an extensive utilization of grammatical rules (Gass, 2013). Krashens theory further suggests that comprehensible input is the most essential ingredient for a successful acquisition of second language (Krashen, 2013). The theoretical concept of Krashen regarding a proper language acquisition is dependent upon five chief hypotheses, which are acquisition-learning hypothesis, monitor hypothesis, natural order hypothesis, input hypothesis and affective filter hypothesis (Harmer, 2015). The activity pursued by the teacher in the selected video seems to the acquisition-learning, monitor and input hypotheses. It is because; the teacher is engaging her students in meaningful interaction and thereafter utilizing the function of monitoring to influence the acquisition process. According to Stephen Krashens theoretical hypothesis of monitoring, monitoring is the particular act that plan, edit as well as correct the primary functions of the acquisition system (Larson, 2014). Therefore, monitoring is an integral part of the second language acquisition system. Finally, it is to say that the input hypothesis is also evident in the video as per the reason that the students in the video are found to acquire compr ehensible input of second language in form of creating and writing stories. The input hypothesis says that students of second language learning improve and successfully progress when they receive comprehensible inputs (Krashen, 2013). Most significantly, it is to mention in this respect that the video has helped me to obtain a more coherent understanding about a prominent teaching process of second language acquisition. The video is a significant piece that has helped to understand the utilization of common activities in terms of comprehension, which can act as appropriate comprehensive input for the students. On the other hand, the video is significant as it has helped to realize the fact that monitoring is an essential responsibility for a teacher of second language. It has helped to enlighten the fact that as a teacher it would be essential in future to engage the students in social activities like sharing feelings or playing comprehensive games with each other for the purpose of second language acquisition. Furthermore, it has been also learnt that instead of the fact that grammar acquisition is essential for every student of second language acquisition though it is necessary first to bring the student in a co mfort zone. Socio-cultural activities like sharing stories or playing comprehensive games together and complete support from the teachers are two significant aspects, which can make the students comfortable. References Aimin, L. (2013). The study of second language acquisition under socio-cultural theory.American journal of educational research,1(5), 162-167. Benthin, A. (2015).Krashen's Monitor Theory on the Relation between Spontaneous and Guided Language Learning. GRIN Verlag. Eckman, F. R., Mileham, J., Weber, R. R., Highland, D., Lee, P. W. (2013).Second language acquisition theory and pedagogy. Routledge. Ellis, R. (2015).Understanding Second Language Acquisition 2nd Edition-Oxford Applied Linguistics. Oxford university press. Gass, S. M. (2013).Second language acquisition: An introductory course. Routledge. Gibbons, P. (2006). Bridging discourses in the ESL classroom. Continuum, London Harmer, J. (2015). The practice of English language teaching (5th ed). Harlow, England: Pearson Education. Illustrations of personalised learning - IOPL00012 - The Australian Curriculum v7.5. (2017).V7-5.australiancurriculum.edu.au. Retrieved 26 March 2017, from https://v7-5.australiancurriculum.edu.au/Illustrations/Metadata/IOPL00012?group=PrimarySecondary Krashen, S. (2013). The Effect of Direct Instruction on Pronunciation: Only Evident When Conditions for Monitor Use Are Met?.GiST: Education and Learning Research Journal, (7), 271-275. Lantolf, J. P., Thorne, S. L., Poehner, M. E. (2015). Sociocultural theory and second language development.Theories in second language acquisition: An introduction, 207-226. Larson, L. E. (2014).Methods for Targeting Vocabulary Development in Second Language Learners: A Systematic Review(Doctoral dissertation, Texas Christian University Fort Worth, Texas). Mills, N. (2014). Self-efficacy in second language acquisition.Multiple perspectives on the self in SLA, 6-22.

Growth of Clothing Retail Industry

Question: Discuss about the Growth of Clothing Retail Industry. Answer: Introduction: The clothing industry in Australia is one of the main sectors in retail trade. The clothing and apparel industry has faced a lot of difficulty in the previous years in Australia. The industry however has seen a little growth in the year 2015. The clothing and foot ware industry depends on a lot of factors like the fashion trends, customers choice and others (Okonkwo 2016). In the past few years, the foreign clothing retail companies are also entering the Australian market for trade. As a result, the indigenous companies are facing problems (Chen and Li 2016). The clothing industry has started using the new technologies like the online shopping, online marketing, use of digital media and others. This has improved the business of the clothing market of Australia. The clothing industry in Australia is still in a maturing state (Ewing 2014). The challenges that were faced in the clothing industry are due to the changes in the economic condition of the people of the country. The consumers became aware in spending due to the changes in the economic conditions (Casidy 2012). The growth of the Australian clothing industry is being studied in this research. The main factors that affect the growth of clothing industry will be discussed in this research work. The proposal gives an idea about the methods of data collection and the analysis of such data. The possible interpretation of the results of analysis of data is given in this proposal. The main problem statement in this research is to analyze the growth of clothing industry in Australia and the factors behind such growth. Literature review: The clothing retail industry in Australia is one of the major retail sectors of the country. The sector contributes a large portion o the GDP of the country. The past few years this sector however has not seen much growth. The change in economy of the country has resulted in the decline of this industry (Fry 2013). Due to inflation and other economic factors the consumers has become cautious about spending. The indigenous companies are also facing competition from the foreign companies. The foreign companies are entering into the Australian market over the last few years. All these factors have led to the decline of this industry (Gardetti and Torres 2013). The clothing industry can be classified into many different sectors such as the clothing, fashionable apparels, apparels and footwear and others. The fashion is a very important factor in the apparel industry. The company that has a fashion line is more preferable than the ordinary companies. The fashion line has led to the growth of companies like Nike, Adidas and others. These companies mostly trade in sports goods and apparels. The brand value of the companies is also an important factor for the growth of these industries (Singleton 2013). There are more than 40 popular clothing companies in Australia. The fashion sense o the customer is one of the driving forces behind the growth of this industry. The customer of these popular brands like Nike is mostly college goers. The generation Y has a strong sense of fashion. The fashion sense of the customer is changing day by day. The foreign companies are finding advantage for this change. The foreign companies could expand their busines s in the Australian market owing to these changes (Brooks 2013). The country Australia does not have many large fashion companies. There are only two branded fashion companies in the country namely Billabong and Rip Curl. The company Billabong accounts for 1.5 billion Australian dollars while the company Rip Curl accounts for almost 884 million Australian dollars. The fashion industry of Australia contributes more than 75000 Australian dollars to the GDP of the country. The total employment in the clothing, textile and foot ware industry of Australia is 37000 (Mohan Kathuria 2013). The fitness and athletics clothing industry also forms a part of the clothing industry of Australia. The fitness and athletic clothing industry however has shown a growth over the years. The main reason for the growth of this industry is the changing consumer behavior. The consumers have started using gym clothes due to comfort in these clothes. There is a high demand of gym clothing in the Australian market (Jegethesan, Sneddon and Soutar 2012). The management of supply chain has also facilitated the growth of these industries. The foreign companies like H M COS are expanding their territories in Australia. The company COS has opened a store in Sydney in the year 2014. There is no such leading company in foot ware and apparel business in Australia. The South African company MRP has entered Australian market in the year 2015 (Robinson and Hsieh 2016). The sector has shown a marginal improvement in the year 2015. The customers demand for the latest designs has been increased in the present time. The clothing industry has also improved due to digitalization. The use of social media sites has also led to the growth of this sector of industry. The concepts of online advertisement, online shopping has greatly benefitted the industry (Brooks and Simon 2012). Variables and hypothesis: The main variables in this research work are the total profits generated by the clothing retail industry, the number of indigenous companies in the industry, the foreign companies that are entering in the industry, the employment status in this industry, the contribution of the industry to the GDP of the country and others. The profit of the industry is taken as the dependent variable and the other variables as the independent variable. The hypotheses of the research work are as follows: H01: The clothing retail industry has not shown any major changes over the years. H11: The clothing retail industry has shown a major change in growth over the years. The variable of profit of the companies is measured in terms of the Australian dollars. The GDP of the country, the numbers of companies that are operating in the country, the employment status of the industry are all obtained for the whole country. Since this figures are quite large, these figures are associated with errors. There is no such constraint involved in doing the research work. Research design and methodology: The research involves qualitative method of study. The data collected for the research work is secondary data. The secondary data about the number of people involved in clothing retail industry, employment status of the industry, the impact of the industry to the economy of the country and others are obtained from the official websites and other websites. The data has been collected for a particular span of time. The data can be collected for a period of 10 years. There is some ethics related to any kind of research. The researcher cannot forget the ethical issues while doing the research work. The researcher has not violated the ethics in this research work. The researcher has obtained the data from the websites and other sources ethically. The places where the data are not available, the researcher has paid to obtain the data. The researcher has not taken any unethical measures such as hacking or others to obtain the data. The data obtained for the purpose of the research is secondary data. Therefore, the data is not subjected any kind of sampling procedures. However, the data has been collected for a particular span of time. Data analysis: The analysis of the data so collected is carried out with the help of different statistical tools and techniques. The measures of descriptive statistics have been calculated for the variables. The mean, median, standard deviation, variance, range and others has been calculated for the study. A comparison among the previous and past year figures will help to understand the growth of the industry. A time series analysis can be performed to know about the growth of this sector. The values of the profit from this sector can be plotted along with time. An increasing trend in the values will help to know that the dataset has an increasing trend. A regression analysis can also be performed by taking the profit as the dependent variable and the other variables such as the GDP of the country, employment status of this sector, number of firms in this sector and others as independent variable. A significant value of the beta co efficient of the regression model will explain that the variable ha s an impact on the profit of this sector. Conclusion The research will be carried out to know about the condition of the clothing retail industry in Australia. The research will point out the problems faced by the clothing retail industry in the present years. The possible remedy to these problems will also be discussed in this research. The analysis and conclusions from the research will help to take a close look into the problems faced by clothing retail industry. The proposal points out the problems in the particular sector of research. An extensive literature review has been conducted to know about the problems of the clothing retail industry. The methods of data collection and the analysis of the data are also given in this proposal. References: Brooks, A. and Simon, D., 2012. Unravelling the Relationships between Used?Clothing Imports and the Decline of African Clothing Industries.Development and Change,43(6), pp.1265-1290. Brooks, A., 2013. Stretching global production networks: The international second-hand clothing trade.Geoforum,44, pp.10-22. Casidy, R., 2012. An empirical investigation of the relationship between personality traits, prestige sensitivity, and fashion consciousness of Generation Y in Australia.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),20(4), pp.242-249. Chen, E.K. and Li, K.W., 2016. Manufactured export expansion in Hong Kong and Asian-Pacific regional cooperation.Manufactured Exports of East Asian Industrializing Economies and Possible Regional Cooperation, p.70. Ewing, E., 2014.History of 20th century fashion. Pavilion Books. Fry, E., 2013. The condition of the urban wage earning class in Australia in the 1880's. Gardetti, M.A. and Torres, A.L. eds., 2013.Sustainability in fashion and textiles: values, design, production and consumption. Greenleaf Publishing. Jegethesan, K., Sneddon, J.N. and Soutar, G.N., 2012. Young Australian consumers' preferences for fashion apparel attributes.Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal,16(3), pp.275-289. Mohan Kathuria, L., 2013. Analyzing competitiveness of clothing export sector of India and Bangladesh: Dynamic revealed comparative advantage approach.Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal,23(2), pp.131-157. Okonkwo, U., 2016.Luxury fashion branding: trends, tactics, techniques. Springer. Robinson, P.K. and Hsieh, L., 2016. Reshoring: a strategic renewal of luxury clothing supply chains.Operations Management Research,9(3-4), pp.89-101. Singleton, J., 2013.World Textile Industry. Routledge.

Using Teams at the Engineered Materials Business Unit Essay Essay Example

Using Teams at the Engineered Materials Business Unit Essay Essay Amalgamate Products is a multibillion-dollar company headquartered in Atlanta. Georgia. which specializes in a big choice of merchandises and services. It is a planetary company with many locations around the universe. The company consists of a really little staff. and its organisational construction is really decentralised. with each concern unit held accountable for its ain P A ; L. In the early 1980’s the corporation began its scheme of geting several new companies. In 1999. Consolidated Products purchased a concern unit. Engineered Materials. from Andreas Manufacturing. Engineered Materials was the smallest of the five companies that were portion of the Consolidated Products acquisitions during the last two decennaries. Amalgamate Products recognized the differences in the company and its new acquisition from the beginning and understood that challenges would ensue in the integrating procedure. Engineered Materials brought along its civilization from Andreas Manufacturing. which was an old school manner of thought and rigorous hierarchal organisational construction. Over the past few old ages. it has focused its attempts on seeking to alter and incorporate the civilization of Engineered Materials in order to suit into the entrepreneurial manner of the overall company. Unfortunately. its attempts were non successful. In 2003. the company’s gross revenues consequences had decreased by eight per centum. while many of its rivals had gained over five per centum. We will write a custom essay sample on Using Teams at the Engineered Materials Business Unit Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Using Teams at the Engineered Materials Business Unit Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Using Teams at the Engineered Materials Business Unit Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Effective leading and cross-functional squads are ever of import factors within a company to derive success. An effectual leader is critical when it comes to running a company. It is highly of import for an effectual squad leader to possess great communicating accomplishments to be able to pull off several employees or squad members. Besides. a team leader must demo assurance when taking determination and giving out orders to his or her employees. Others look up to person that is confident and that provides the motive to act upon each and everyone one of its staff members to endeavor for success. At the same clip. a team leader should ever be respectful to others and ever cognize when to take the incrimination when something goes incorrect. Even though there is a strong relationship between leading and cross-functional squad leaders. leading it is non the lone of import feature in a cross-functional squad. A cross-functional squad leader must be able to put ends and aims for squad members to carry through. Since employees from different sections of a company are acquiring together to work as a group. it is highly of import for a squad leader to construct upper direction sponsorship and support. to be able to supply all the resources necessary for the squad. Besides. by adding positive squad kineticss with clear and broad communicating. a cross-functional squad leader can be able to accomplish the team’s ends. All these features of leading and cross-functional squad leaders will assist work out the issues in Amalgamate Products. Issues such as employees non being committed to their assignment. or non understanding squad ends. will no longer be a battle within the organisation. Therefore. Amalgamate Products can go even more successful and go on to turn as a company. In any cross-functional squad it is of import to be able to hold the right resources available at all times in orde r to be successful. doing certain that everything is in topographic point before a squad starts working together. Therefore. sing resources and logistics plays an of import function when it comes to a cross-functional squad. Some of the inquiries that cross-functional squad leaders should reply before piecing a group together are: Do you need dedicated squad infinite? Does the squad necessitate a budget? Does the squad member have entree to all the information from the different sections involved? Is a shared country needed for hive awaying information? These are some of the of import issues that can impact the effectivity of a team’s public presentation. By doing certain that upper direction is back uping and patronizing the team’s activities. a cross-functional squad leader would be able to supply the resources necessary to be able to public presentation successfully as a squad. When a company purchases a new division. it is of import that they provide change direction in order to do the passage go swimmingly. In this instance. the new Engineered Materials division is holding som e issues with the new squad based direction manner. One manner to assist passage this division is to supply preparation to the employees. First. you would desire to interview the employees and roll up informations on precisely why they are holding jobs within their squads. We would so desire to take analyze the information and understand which ailments can be fixed by direction. and which ailments are due to the deficiency of preparation in the squads. We would so take all of the factors that can be influenced by preparation and interrupt them up into classs. When analysing the instance. we decided that there are many countries that should be explained better and need extra preparation in order to hold an influence on the squad members. The first measure in the preparation procedure that we decided on would be implementing a wages system that would incentivize the members so that they will non hold the feeling that it is non in their occupation description. They should informed that the squad procedure is portion of their occupation a nd that they will each be held accountable for public presentation. Management besides should put up squad edifice exercisings for each squad. The squads do non cognize each other really good and hence they do non hold assurance in the other members. If the squads were to be involved in exercisings that help to construct relationships among them. so the members would work better together. The squads should be advised on what the ends are for them. Then the direction should include the benefits to accomplishing these ends. The squad members will respond otherwise if they are introduced to benefits that are individualized and non merely company benefits. There should be a scheduled clip for the squads to run into. and the squad public presentation should be evaluated. Management should hold a meeting that every squad member is required to go to. During this meeting. they should discourse the benefits to holding a squad based direction system. Management should besides portion positive experiences that other companies have had that would assist act upon the importance of the construct. During this meeting. companywide ends should be discussed. All employees are funny about what they are working towards in every section. It helps to supply an overview of the vision and what they are endeavoring towards. Whenever squads meet their ends. they should be announced throughout the whole company. Each member of the squad should be given acknowledgment. Last. the direction needs to be cognizant of what the squads need to be successful and should supply them back up to promote them to work difficult towards the ends. Our confer withing squad has decided that if the Consolidated direction follows our suggestions and gathers a farther apprehension of what it takes to construct and keep the squads. they should hold a successful execution of the squads. As we have stated. the company needs to work on doing the members understand the importance of the squad determinations. and they should besides supply them extended preparation. The squad leaders should be provided specific developing on how to take a group successfully. The squad leader must hold full committedness towards the squad. and must work with the members to come up with the best thoughts. Developing a squad typically goes through four phases. The squad goes through organizing. ramping. norming. and executing. The Engineered Materials division is presently in the storming phase. Once equal preparation and apprehension is provided. the company will travel onto the following phase. Transfering a concern from a hierarchal direction manner to a squad based manner is non easy. and takes clip. Plants Citedâ€Å"Setting up a Cross-Functional Team. † – Team Management Skills from MindTools. com. N. p. . n. d. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Managing Cross-Functional Teams. † – Team Management Training from MindTools. com. N. p. . n. d. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Bruce Tuckman: Forming Ramping Norming Performing Team Development. † Businessballs. com. N. p. . n. d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. .

Patricide Essays - Fatherhood, Homicide, Family, Patricide

Patricide Essays - Fatherhood, Homicide, Family, Patricide Patricide In the time of the Romans, the punishment for patricide was to be sewn up in a sack that had a monkey, snake, rooster, and dog inside, and then to be thrown in a river. Each of the animals in the bag had some specific meaning to them, and being sewn up in a sack and tossed into the river also had a specific function to the murderer. Thus this punishment became the proper way to punish the guilty. In the Roman era, patricide had become a major problem, so it was decided that for whomever held a title in Rome, there would be a meeting to discuss how to get rid of the problem and punish appropriately. The title holders decided that the best way to punish the young men, and to stop them from thinking of committing the sin, was to make them die, as well as make them feel everything their father had, and to regret their crime. This decision then became the chosen consequence for the crime of patricide. The significance of the animals was to torture the perpetrator in a particular way for his crime. The importance of the snake was that the snake was evil, dating back to the Garden of Eden, where it posed as the Devil and deceived Eve. While the victim was alive, the snake would be there to remind him of the ultimate sin-the deception of one?s own father. The rooster is primarily known for his crowing, and thus his crows would remind the sinner of his guilt, so that he couldn?t escape from what he did. The dog?s function in the sack would be to howl, not only to be deafening and frightening, but also to evoke the wrath of the gods upon him. The monkey represents torture, because it is capable of mimicking human actions. It would mimic the son?s behavior and re-enact the murder of the son?s All four of these animals perform at least one role in torturing the boy, and so that he would be forced to think about what he had done to his father. The purpose of the sack was to increase tenfold the agony which his father suffered, and also to make him regret his decision to kill his father. With each passing moment, the torment would get progressively worse, so that the boy would get a taste of the Hell that was to be his afterlife, as punishment for committing patricide. The sack represented a way in which to make the boy suffer much more, and quickly before he drowned. The son was thrown into the river so that he could feel the way his father?s panic when he killed him. The water would serve to scare the son in the way his father felt when he realized that his own son had turned on him. The sewn sack would prevent the son?s escape so he would realize there would be no turning back from his actions. These different elements of punishment combined to make the murderer truly suffer each aspect of the crime through the torture. The closed sack with animal reminders of different aspects of the murder would serve as a deterrent to living observers. This ritual is a fitting punishment for the crime.

Political Conservatism and the Role of Religion

Political Conservatism and the Role of Religion Quite often, those on the left of the political spectrum dismiss political conservative ideology as the product of religious fervor. At first blush, this makes sense. After all, the conservative movement is populated by people of faith. Christians, Evangelicals, and Catholics tend to embrace the key aspects of conservatism, which include limited government, fiscal discipline, free enterprise, a strong national defense, and traditional family values. This is why many conservative Christians side with Republicanism politically. The Republican Party is most associated with championing these conservative values. Members of the Jewish faith, on the other hand, tend to drift toward the Democratic party because history supports it, not because of a particular ideology. According to author and essayist Edward S. Shapiro in American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia, most Jews are descendants of central and Eastern Europe, whose liberal parties in contrast to right-wing opponents favored Jewish emancipation and the lifting of economic and social restrictions on Jews. As a result, Jews looked to the Left for protection. Along with the rest of their traditions, Jews inherited a left-wing bias after emigrating to the United States, Shapiro says. Russell Kirk, in his book, The Conservative Mind, writes that, with the exception of antisemitism, The traditions of race and religion, the Jewish devotion to family, old usage, and spiritual continuity all incline the Jew toward conservatism. Shapiro says Jewish affinity for the left was cemented in the 1930s when Jews enthusiastically supported Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal. They believed that the New Deal had succeeded in alleviating the social and economic conditions in which antisemitism flourished and, in the election of 1936, Jews supported Roosevelt by a ratio of nearly 9 to 1. While its fair to say that most conservatives use faith as a guiding principle, most try to keep it out of political discourse, recognizing it as something intensely personal. Conservatives often will say that the Constitution guarantees its citizens freedom of religion, not freedom from religion. In fact, there is plenty of historical evidence that proves, despite Thomas Jeffersons famous quote about a wall of separation between church and state, the Founding Fathers expected religion and religious groups to play an important role in the development of the nation. The religion clauses of the First Amendment guarantee the free exercise of religion, while at the same time protecting the nations citizens from religious oppression. The religion clauses also ensure that the federal government cannot be overtaken by one particular religious group because Congress cannot legislate one way or another on an establishment of religion. This precludes a national religion but also prevents the government from interfering with religions of any kind. For contemporary conservatives, the rule of thumb is that practicing faith publicly is reasonable, but proselytizing in public is not.